Stoicism · The Stoic Way, part 19 of 20 · 4 October 2026 · Charlotte Himsworth
Stoicism and Modern Therapy
How an ancient philosophy helped shape cognitive therapy.
Two thousand years after Epictetus, his words found their way into the therapist’s room.
Albert Ellis
In the 1950s, the psychologist Albert Ellis developed Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy, often seen as the first cognitive therapy. He openly drew on Epictetus’s insight that we are disturbed not by events, but by our judgements about them.
Aaron Beck
Aaron Beck, who founded cognitive therapy in the 1960s, likewise traced its philosophical roots to the Stoics. Cognitive therapies help people notice unhelpful thinking patterns, such as catastrophising or all-or-nothing thinking, and gently test them against reality.
James Stockdale
The American pilot James Stockdale, held captive for years during the Vietnam War, later wrote that the teachings of Epictetus helped him endure. He held two things together: facing the hard facts honestly, and never losing faith that he would come through.
Philosophy and professional help
Stoicism and therapy share deep roots, but they are not the same. Philosophy can be a wonderful daily companion. When we are struggling with anxiety, depression or trauma, qualified professional support matters, and seeking it is itself a wise and courageous choice.
A simple practice
Notice one thought today that makes you feel worse. Ask three questions: Is it certain? Is it helpful? What would I say to a friend who thought it? Write your kinder answer down.
If you are struggling with despair, you deserve real support, not only philosophy. Please speak to your GP, or call Samaritans on 116 123, any time, day or night.